PRECAUTIONS AGAINST COVID-19-June-12

PRECAUTIONS AGAINST COVID-19

12/06/2020 Issue: 59

Dearest Members of the Kültür Family,

With the 59th issue, we are returning to normal by ending our daily New Coronavirus Infection Executive Commission (KOV-KOM) Information Bulletins, which we started to publish within the scope of the measures to combat the new Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) (Turkish and English). In the next period, we will continue our informative activities regarding the pandemic process with our Culture Agenda bulletins that we publish weekly.

We would like to thank KOV-KOM Information Bulletins for their efforts to read our newsletter and spend the challenging process with us under the umbrella of culture.

We also share the message of our Board of Trustees, Dr. Bahar Akıngüç Günver, who is always with us with the support given to us in this process, and wish you a day of health and peace.

"Dear Ahmet,
Under the leadership of Mr. Ender, your names have been engraved in our institution's memory because you have provided very important and effective communication in our crisis management process. Thank you for your effort, effort and devoted work. "

Hoping to meet again under the roof of culture and in safety ...

Vaccine revolutions in the fight against infectious diseases

Humanity has been benefiting from vaccines against infectious and epidemic diseases for more than two centuries. After the discovery of smallpox vaccine, the first major vaccine invention of the era in the late eighteenth century, the vaccines radically changed the way of applying modern medicine, eliminating some of the most devastating human diseases, and allowing some to manage.

Edward Jenner and smallpox vaccine

While smallpox has become increasingly common in the UK, Edward Jenner vaccinated a healthy child at the age of 8 with the live vaccine he prepared from "Vaccinia" virus that caused smallpox (cowpox) in cows in 1796 and helped him become immune to smallpox.

Dr. Jenner presented an article to the Royal Society in 1797 about his application with the vaccine he developed, but his article was not published, saying that the ideas were very revolutionary and needed more evidence. Edward Jenner then administered the vaccine to twenty healthy children, including his eleven-month-old son, and proved to be immune to smallpox. In 1798, his findings were found to be correct and his article was accepted for publication and the first vaccine was accepted to be applied to the masses. Dr. Jenner (1749-1823) produced the word "vaccine" from the Latin word "vacca", which means cow, and named the vaccine with the invention "vaccine". Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries throughout the world, the number of cases gradually decreased, while the smallpox was systematically administered to the masses. The World Health Organization declared that smallpox was destroyed globally in 1979.

(British surgeon Edward Jenner vaccinates his 11-month-old son Robert)

Louis Pasteur and rabies vaccine

Pasteur completed his doctorate in chemistry in École Normale (Paris) in 1847. Throughout his career, Pasteur made important discoveries in the fields of chemistry, biology and medicine. While making studies on fermentation, he discovered that when he heated vinegar to 50-60 ° C and suddenly cooled it stopped bacterial growth. This method developed to prevent bacterial growth in foodstuffs is known today as "pasteurization".

Pasteur's work on microorganisms inspired him to investigate infectious diseases. It isolated the microorganisms causing epidemic disease in silkworm produced in the silk industry in France. In 1877 he was working on chicken cholera (Pasteurella multocida), a diarrheal disease that destroyed the chicken population. Affected by Edward Jenner, Pasteur thought that if a vaccine for smallpox can be found, vaccination for all diseases can be found. Pasteur succeeded in cultivating active virulent bacteria in chicken chore in 1878 and began to vaccinate chickens. Many chickens died after vaccination, so Pasteur began to search for safer vaccination methods. He instructed his assistant to inject a fresh viral bacterial culture into chickens before going on vacation. However, his assistant forgot to do this. When he returned a month later, the assistant injected chickens using old cultures. Unexpectedly, chickens showed only mild signs of the disease and survived. When Pasteur injected fresh bacteria into the vaccinated chickens, the chickens did not get sick. Pasteur concluded that ancient bacterial cultures lost their virulence after exposure to oxygen. The microbe, weakened in the lab, taught the chicken immune system to fight infection without causing serious damage. This type of vaccine is called a live, attenuated vaccine.

(Louis Pasteur, while experimenting)= in-article photo caption

Considering that the technique can be applied for the prevention of other diseases, Louis Pasteur enabled the development of a vaccine for anthrax successfully used in sheep, goats and cows in 1881. Then, in 1885, when examining rabies disease, he injected the rabies-causing virus into rabbits and then isolated the spinal fluid to produce rabies vaccine from weakened (virulence reduced) viruses. After successfully protecting the dogs from disease, Pasteur agreed to treat the first human patient, a nine-year-old boy was attacked very violently by wild dogs, if nothing was done he would be left to die. Pasteur injected the child with more and more virulent doses of vaccine daily from rabies-infected rabbits. The child has never developed symptoms of rabies and has recovered. Pasteur became an international hero with the discovery of rabies vaccine.

Obtaining the rabies vaccine and its application to patients was originally called the “treatment of Pasteur”. Pasteur developed the concepts of vaccine and vaccination in the honor of 18th century virology pioneer Edward Jenner, who found the treatment of smallpox for the first time, using the word “vaccine”, to develop vaccines “to increase immunity and prevent infectious disease. (usually weakened) or inactivated microorganisms (such as bacteria or viruses) or their fractions ”. The work of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) enabled virology to become a science, promoting vaccine research all over the world. In later years, diphtheria (1888), plague (1897), tuberculosis (1927), yellow fever (1936), measles (1963), mumps (1963, 1967), rubella (1969), chicken pox (1995) and intestinal inflammation in children, the rotavirus (1998).

Especially the second half of the 20th century was very effective in terms of vaccine R&D studies and prevention of deadly child diseases has been one of the greatest success stories of the last century. Methods of growing viruses in the laboratory have led to rapid discoveries and innovations, including the creation of vaccines for polio.

In contemporary literature, vaccines are attenuated (live) vaccines (flower, chicken pox, rotavirus, yellow fever), inactivated vaccines (rabies, polio, hepatitis A), inactivated toxin vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus), conjugated vaccines (Hepatitis B, Pneumonia, The flue, HIV). The purpose of all vaccines is to elicit an immune response in the body against an antigen so that when the individual is exposed to the antigen again, they can show a much stronger secondary immune response. Vaccination has significantly reduced disability and death from infectious diseases in most of the developed world.

For example, a smallpox vaccine. It is calculated that if it were not discovered and applied by Dr. Jenner massively, approximately 5 million people would die every year, and that 150 to 200 million lives have been saved from 1979, when the smallpox ended with the vaccine.

Prof. Dr. Nihal Sarıer
İKU Vice-Chancellor

Coronavirus Outbreak and Global Balance

It is of course important how we live in the world after the coronavirus pandemic, how the international system will be shaped, and what factors will affect international relations. Ignoring the calls of the UN General Secretary of the local ceasefire and discussions about the World Health Organization seem to overwhelm hopes that post-epidemic international cooperation may increase. While the signs that the US-China polarization and conflict may grow in the world after the corona pandemic, it is revealed that the political will that will provide an international rapprochement and cooperation environment after the pandemic does not exist in the prominent countries.

Dr. BE (E) Oğuz Çelikkol
İKÜ Department of International Relations
Global Political Trends Center (GPoT)

To read the full article ...

News From İKÜ

“jces.webinars: childhood under the quarantine: Mobilisation for ECD in Africa in the Context of COVID-19”

The third of the “jces.webinars: childhood under the quarantine” themed webinars organized in collaboration with Istanbul Kültür University and Journal of Childhood, Education & Society (JCES) was held on Thursday, 11 June 2020 at 14.00, under the title of “Mobilization for ECD in Africa in the Context of COVID-19 ”.

In the webinar that the role of scientific management was taken over by JCES Founding Editor and Faculty of Education Assoc. Prof. Mehmet Toran, and the role of moderator taken by Necmettin Erbakan University faculty member Dr. Mehmet Mart, Dr. Hasina Banu Ebrahim (UNESCO Africa ECD Co-chair and University of South Africa) from South Africa and Dr. Auma Okwayn from the Netherlands made their presentations. While UNESCO Africa ECD Co-chair Dr. Ebrahim was evaluating policies against pandemic and other outbreak diseases in many African countries, Dr. Okwayn gave information about the practices that have been developed since the beginning of the pandemic process in Central African countries.

The webinar that lasts about 1.5 hours followed by many attendees from Turkey, as well as from many countries.

Visit https://www.j-ces.com/index.php/jces/jceswebinars to watch the webinar record, to reference and cite the webinar record.

3rd Module of “Design-Oriented Thinking in the Remote Management of Classes and Departments” Training

The 3rd module of the online training titled “Design-Oriented Thinking in the Remote Management of the Coterie and Departments” was held by IKÜSEM Manager Lecturer Zafer Erkoç on June 11, 2020, for the Heads of Departments of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, History, Philosophy, Religion, Social Studies and Science. .

"Coping with exam stress and anxiety" E-Seminar Series-5-6

Thursday, June 11, 2020 at 13: 30 within the scope of the “Social Responsibility” project, Istanbul Kültür University (Iku) Vocational School, Aydin Doğan trade and communication Vocational High School and Ismet Aktar technical and industrial Vocational High School organized an e-seminar entitled “Coping With exam stress and anxiety” for the students of 12th grade. In the seminar given by specialist clinical psychologist Eda Öztürk, suggestions were made for reducing and managing the anxiety-stress before the exam. Participants ' questions were also answered at the end of the event.

News From Turkey and World

Definite cases: Turkey (174.023), World (7,390,702)

Death: Turkey (4.763), World (417,731)

WHO Risk Assessment: Global level - Very High

This Journal was prepared by the General Secretariat with the contribution of the Directorate of Information System and Technologies.